Ameliorating soil constraints to the performance of established vineyards.Reportto GWRDC - final report project CSL01/01

[摘要] A large proportion of established vineyards are on soils with relatively shallow and variable root restricting layers.Root restricting soils have been shown to adversely affect yield in many established vineyards in Southern Australia.Deleterious effects on fruit quality have also been demonstrated in a number of dryland or low irrigation vineyards grown on soils with highly restricted root development in Australia.However, the linkage between soil properties and their management to vine performance still remains unclear.From an extensive review of the literature, it was only possible to link soil properties to vine performance in general terms.Although some work has been done on the impact of soil management systems oin soil physical and chemical conditions, there is a lack of information relating this work to vine performance.This was highlighted when attempting to establish s soil/vine performance database derived from previous Australian research on viticultural soils.Based on contact with over 30 researchers, we concluded that very little research has been conducted in Australia in which both soil properties and vine performance had been measured.Previous research either focused on the measurement of vine attributes in the abseence of consideration of soil properties, or in soil management based projects, concentrated on the measurement of soil properties with scant attention to their possible effects on vine performance.In an attempt to remedy this situation, and also enhance the utility of the information derived from soil management experiments, this project established two whole-of-block experiments in which ripping and suface mulch treatments were applied in a highly replicated manner across entire vineyard blocks.The aim was to link the response of the vine to the treatments to the underlying soil properties.The first experiment on a 7 ha block of Shiraz at Langhorne Creek in which vines have been effective at increasing yield (16% on average) and vigour (28%) in the lightest soils, but delivered no benefit in the heaviest soils (-4% yield, 3.5% vigour).Ripping of the wheel tracks, on the other hand, caused a small increase in yield (2%) and vigour (7%) in the lightest soils, increasing to a maximum in the medium textured soils (9% yield, 2% vigour), but decreasing to a negative effect in the heaviest textured soil (-9% yield, -9% vigour).The second experiment on a 4.5 ha block of Sauvignon Blanc at Clare Valley, whcih suffered from high soil salinity, showed that the application of a combined ripping and mulch treatment increased yield (33%) and berry weight (39%) in the most saline areas.From these two experiemnts it is clear that the use of whole of block experiments proivdes more useful information than would be derived from traditional experimental approaches.VineLOGIC was used to model the sensitivity of vine performance to changes in soil properties to provide a larger array of scenarios than those possible through experimentation.A number of shortcomings were highlighted in using VineLOGIC, including the fact that it is a one-dimensional model trying to accommodate a two-dimensional problem, that of vine-row and mid-row.Further, modelled vine response to surface mulch, using a modified version of VineLOGIC, contradicted the observations from the Langhorne Creek experiment.To increase the utility of VineLOGIC across a broad range of scenarios, further validation is required on a broader scenario base than that from which its existing algorithms are defined.

[发布机构] CSIRO Land and Water

[学科分类] 地球科学(综合)