The current state of animal models in research: A review

[摘要] Animal models have provided invaluable information in the pursuit of medical knowledge and alleviation of human suffering. The foundations of our basic understanding of disease pathophysiology and human anatomy can largely be attributed to preclinical investigations using various animal models. Recently, however, the scientific community, citing concerns about animal welfare as well as the validity and applicability of outcomes, has called the use of animals in research into question. In this review, we seek to summarize the current state of the use of animal models in research.

[发布日期] 2019-12-01

[关键词] Animal model;Review;Three Rs;Sham surgery;Surgical training;Simulation