The types of ultrastructural injuries in conifer needles of northern industrial environments.

[摘要] Ultrastructure of mesophyll of second-year green needles of(L.) H. Karst. and(L.) has been studied in several polluted areas in Finland since 1976 (Soikkeli and Tuovinen 1979, Soikkeli 1981a). Four different types of injuries have been found. The types differ with the origin of the material:Picea abiesPinus sylvestris2