Meta-Analysis: The Effect of Physical Activity in Reducing Excessive Gestational Weight Gain and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus among Overweight and Obese Pregnant Women

[摘要] Background: The prevalence of overweight and obesity among women continues to increaseevery year. Overweight and obesity can lead to complications in pregnancy such as Excessive gestational weight gain (EGWG) and Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Physical activity interventionis an option to prevent EGWG and GDM. The study aims to analyze the effects of physical activityinterventions in reducing EGWG and GDM.Subjects and Method: The study used a meta-analysis study design by following PRISMAguidelines. The research question was formulated in PICO. The population was pregnant womenwith a Body Mass Index (BMI) of > 25 kg/m2. The intervention used was measured physical activity. The comparison was without measured physical activity. The outcomes were EGWG andGDM. Article search was carried out through the databases such as PubMed, Cochrane Library,Scopus Database, and PEDro which was published from 2011 to 2020. The article search used thefollowing keywords: "pregnancy" OR "pregnant woman" AND "obese" OR "overweight" AND"excessive gestational weight gain" OR "gestational weight gain" OR "weight gain" AND "gestational diabetes mellitus" OR "gestational diabetes" AND "exercise " OR "antenatal exercise" OR"physical activity". Articles that met the criteria were full-text articles with a Randomized ControlTrial (RCT) study design. The assessment of the quality of the study was conducted with CochraneCollaboration's Tool for Assessing Risk of Bias and the articles were subsequently analyzed usingthe Review Manager 5.4 application.Results: A total of 10 articles analyzed in this study came from Asian, European, Australian, andAmerican countries with a total sample of 2,086. The results of the meta-analysis showed thatoverweight and obese pregnant women who performed measured physical activity did notexperience weight changes compared to those who did not engage in physical activity (SMD= 0.03;95% CI= 0.17 to 0.73; p=0.770). However, overweight and obese pregnant women who domeasured physical activity experience changes in fasting sugar levels compared to those who didnot do measured physical activity (SMD= 0. 20; CI95%= 0.30 to 0.10; p=0.001).Conclusion: The results of this study state that physical activity interventions are effective inreducing GDM but not for EGWG in overweight and obese pregnant women.

[学科分类] 食品科学和技术

[关键词] physical activity;excessive gestational weight gain;gestational diabetes mellitus;overweight and obese pregnant women;meta-analysis