Do E-cigarettes and vaping have a lower risk of osteoporosis, nonunion, and infection than tobacco smoking?

[摘要] Cigarette smoking is significantly associatedwith reduced bone mineral density (BMD),increased risk of fracture, and reducedfracture healing.1,2 Smoking is also independently associated with increased incidence of post-surgery complications suchas infection and aseptic loosening followingarthroplasty.3-6 While cigarette consumptionhas declined over the past decade, the use ofelectronic cigarettes (E-cigarettes), or vaping,has risen dramatically, partly due to beingregarded as a safer alternative to smoking.7-9Indeed, Public Health England guidancesuggests that E-cigarettes are 95% saferthan cigarettes, fuelling public perception ofnegligible risk.8 Increased use of E-cigaretteswill undoubtedly represent a harm reduction in comparison to cigarettes due to lessexposure to carcinogens and toxicants.2,10However, E-cigarette usage still results insystemic exposure to numerous and potentially harmful vapour constituents, includingnicotine (in nicotine-containing liquids),flavouring chemicals, and reactive aldehydes, particularly for highly vascularizedtissues such as the bone.

[学科分类] 骨科学

[关键词] Vaping;E-Cigarette;Osteoblast;Bone