Infographic: Osteoimmunology mechanism of osteonecrosis of the femoral head

[摘要] Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) isa common and refractory disease.1 Increasingevidence suggests inflammatory osteoimmunology plays an indispensable role in the pathogenesis of ONFH.M1 macrophages produce pro-inflammatorycytokines, whereas M2 macrophages produceanti-inflammatory cytokines.2 A disbalance infavour of the M1 phenotype can result in chronicinflammation, which then contributes to ONFH.The shift from M1 to M2 phenotype effectivelydecreases inflammatory cytokines and alleviatesthe symptoms of ONFH.

[学科分类] 骨科学

[关键词] Osteoimmunology;Osteonecrosis of the femoral head.;Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH);inflammatory cytokines;macrophages;inflammation;osteoclast;femoral head;interleukin;blood;nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB);pro-inflammatory cytokines