Mesenchymal stem cells in complex treatment of urinary tract diseases: a literature review and our own experience

[摘要] Over recent years, the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been increasingly studied in complex therapy of various diseases, as well as in reconstruction of damaged organs and tissues. In particular, immunoregulatory properties of MSCs are in scope, manifesting both by a direct effect on the target cells, and via signaling molecules and cytokines. This review is devoted to perspectives of using MSCs in urinary tract disorders, including the description of immunosuppressive mechanisms and the reasons for using this cell type in experimental and clinical practice. We also present our own experience of bladder reconstruction in animal model. We are currently studying the substitution cystoplasty using tissue-engineered constructs. The study is based on data from our previous experimental studies. We are testing poly-l-lactide/silk fibroin scaffold of different sizes seeded with MSCs using a rabbit bladder resection model, in order to find out what part of the bladder we could substitute. At this stage, there are positive results of 5- to 10-mL substitutional cystoplasty. According to multislice computed tomography of the abdominal cavity and small pelvis (native study and with intravesical administration of a radiopaque agent) 4 weeks post surgery, a bladder of physiological capacity (10-11 ml) is determined, without streaks of a contrast agent. Also, 4 weeks after the operation, the anastomosis zone is macroscopically consistent, the tissue-engineered structure is determined at the implantation site.

[学科分类] 肿瘤学

[关键词] Mesenchymal stem cells;effects of mesenchymal stem cells;tissue-engineering construction;small bladder.