Transforming Growth Factor Beta 2 Inhibits Growth and Proliferation Potential of Smad4 and p53 Mutated Human Colon Adenocarcinoma Cells

[摘要] Colon cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and the second leading contributors of cancer related deaths in the United States [1]. The American cancer society estimated that colon cancer causes about 49,190 deaths in 2016 [2]. Although current therapeutics have proved to be clinically favourable for patients who were diagnosed at early stages, development of multi-drug resistance and various side effects remains the potential obstacle for advanced stages of colon cancer [3]. Recent data suggests that the 5 year survival rate for advanced stage colon cancer is about 5% with increased mortality rate of more than 663,000 deaths annually worldwide [2, 3]. Molecular evidence confirmed that transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) plays a crucial role in the metastatic progression of colon cancer and multi-drug resistance [4].