Identification of lower-order inositol phosphates (IP 5 and IP 4 ) in soil extracts as determined by hypobromite oxidation and solution 31 P NMR spectroscopy

[摘要] Inositol phosphates (IPs) are a major pool of identifiable organic phosphorus (P) in soil. However, insight into their distribution and cycling in soil remains limited, particularly of lower-order IP (IP 5 and IP 4 ). This is because the quantification of lower-order IP typically requires a series of chemical extractions, including hypobromite oxidation to isolate IP, followed by chromatographic separation. Here, for the first time, we identify the chemical nature of organic P in four soil extracts following hypobromite oxidation using solution 31 P NMR spectroscopy and transverse relaxation ( T 2 ) experiments. Soil samples analysed include A horizons from a Ferralsol (Colombia), a Cambisol and a Gleysol from Switzerland, and a Cambisol from Germany. Solution 31 P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of the phosphomonoester region in soil extracts following hypobromite oxidation revealed an increase in the number of sharp signals (up to 70) and an on average 2-fold decrease in the concentration of the broad signal compared to the untreated soil extracts. We identified the presence of four stereoisomers of IP 6 , four stereoisomers of IP 5 , and scyllo -IP 4 . We also identified for the first time two isomers of myo -IP 5 in soil extracts: myo -(1,2,4,5,6)-IP 5 and myo -(1,3,4,5,6)-IP 5 . Concentrations of total IP ranged from 1.4 to 159.3 mg P per kg soil across all soils, of which between 9 % and 50 % were comprised of lower-order IP. Furthermore, we found that the T 2 times, which are considered to be inversely related to the tumbling of a molecule in solution and hence its molecular size, were significantly shorter for the underlying broad signal compared to for the sharp signals (IP 6 ) in soil extracts following hypobromite oxidation. In summary, we demonstrate the presence of a plethora of organic P compounds in soil extracts, largely attributed to IPs of various orders, and provide new insight into the chemical stability of complex forms of organic P associated with soil organic matter.

[学科分类] 大气科学