Nicotine and endometrial decidual growth in pseudopregnant rats

[摘要] Background: Menopause is a biological process in women which is characterized by the cessation of menstruation and a decrease in hormone levels that cause symptoms that can affect quality of life. This study aims to determine the impact of menopause and other factors that influence the qu­a­lity of life in women. Subjects and Method: This study was observational analytic with a case control approach. The stu­dy was conducted in six health centers in Ponorogo Regency, East Java in March to April 2019. The total sample of 225 women aged 40 to 64 years was divided between 2 grou included menopausal as case group and non-me­nopausal as control groups based on purposive sampling. The dependent variable was quality of life. The independent variables were menopause, hot flush, an­­xi­ety, in­som­nia, vaginal dryness, and family intimacy. Quality of life is measured by the SF-36 (Short Form Health Survey). Anxiety was measured by Depression Anxiety Stress Scales. Insomnia was me­asured by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. The collection of other variables was conducted using ques­tion­naires and analyzed using path analysis. Results: The decrease in quality of life was directly and negatively affected by menopause (b = -0.72; 95% CI = -1.39 to -0.05; p = 0.034), hot flush (b = -0.72; 95% CI = -1.34 to -0.07; p = 0.028), in­­som­nia (b = -0.79; 95% CI = -1.43 to -0.16; p = 0.014), anxiety (b = -1.75; 95% CI = -3.09 to -0.47; p = 0.011), and drought vagina (b = -1.01; 95% CI = -1.65 to -0.37; p = 0.002). Women with high family intimacy can improve quality of life and are positive (b = 1.32; 95% CI = 0.69 to 1.95; p <0.001). Conclusions: The decreased quality of life in women is directly affected by menopause, hot flush, in­somnia, anxiety, and vaginal dryness. High family intimacy improves quality of life. Family flush, anxiety, and family intimacy have indirect effects on quality of life.

[学科分类] 工业工程学

[关键词] Endometrial decidual growth Estrogen Nicotine tartrate Progesterone Pseudopregnancy