Paparan iklan junk food dan pola konsumsi junk food sebagai faktor risiko terjadinya obesitas pada anak sekolah dasar kota dan desa di Daerah Istimewa YogyakartaDOI : 10.21927/ijnd.2013.1(2).59-70 | Abstract views : 1069 times

[摘要] Background: Increasing prevalence of obesity may be caused by junk food advertised while children are watching television. Preference for foods requested by the children is much infl uenced by junk food advertisement, so that it can affect calori intake and correlates with obesity. Obesity in children can cause obesity during adulthood and may increase the risk of degenerative disease, like diabetes and cardiovascular. Objective: To analyze the level of risk exposure to junk food advertising and junk food consumption on the incidence of obesity in primary school children in elementary school children at the area of Yogyakarta Municipality and District of Bantul. Method: This study was an observational study with case-control design. The study population was elementary school children in the City of Yogyakarta and Bantul Regency. Cases were elementary school children who were obese, while the controls were children who were not obese and sat closest the cases regardless of age and sex. Number of subjects for each group were 244 (1:1). Obesity was defi ned as BMI / U>95th percentile curves NCHS/CDC. Sampling to fi nd obesity with probability proportional to size (PPS) and sampling for cases and controls using random sampling techniques. Univariate analysis of the data using frequency distributions, bivariate analysis using Chi-square, and multivariate analysis using multiple logistic regression. Data were analyzed using STATA 11 program with a 95% signifi cance level and nutrisurvey. Result: Bivariate analysis using Chi Square shows the variables that infl uence the incidence of obesity, such as junk food ads exposure (OR=1.70, 95%CI: 1.17-2.48, and p=0.004), junk food energy intake (OR=1.58, 95%CI:  1.08-2.32 and p=0.01), intake of saturated fat junk food (OR=1.74, 95%CI: 1.18-2.56 and p=0.004), sodium intake of junk food (OR=1.83, 95%CI: 1.25-2.69 and p=0.001) and sex (OR=0.58, 95%CI: 0.40-0.85 and p= 0.0035). Multivariate analysis with logistic regression showed that the variables affect obesity is junk food ads exposure (OR=1.63, 95%CI: 1.13-2.36 and p persentil 95th kurva NCHS/CDC. Pengambilan sampel untuk menemukan obesitas dengan probability proportional to size (PPS) dan pengambilan sampel untuk kasus dan kontrol menggunakan teknik random sampling. Analisis univariat menggunakan distribusi frekuensi, analisis bivariat menggunakan Chi-square, dan multivariat menggunakan regresi logistik ganda. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan program STATA 11 dengan tingkat kemaknaan 95% dan nutrisurvey. Hasil: Analisis bivariat dengan Chi-square menunjukkan variabel yang berpengaruh dengan kejadian obesitas, di antaranya paparan iklan junk food (OR=1,70, 95%CI:1,17-2,48, dan p=0,004), asupan energi junk food (OR= 1,58,  95%CI:1,08-2,32 dan p=0,01), asupan lemak jenuh junk food (OR=1,74 95%CI 1,18-2,56 dan p=0,004), asupan natrium junk food (OR=1,83, 95%CI:1,25-2,69 dan p=0,001) serta jenis kelamin (OR= 0,58, 95%CI:0,40-0,85 dan p= 0,0035). Hasil analisis multivariat dengan regresi logistik memperlihatkan variabel yang berpengaruh terhadap obesitas adalah paparan iklan junk food (OR=1,63, 95%CI:1,13-2,36 dan nilai p <0,05) dan jenis kelamin (OR=0,62, 95%CI:0,43-0,91 dan p<0,05). Kesimpulan: Paparan iklan junk food dapat meningkatkan risiko terjadinya obesitas.

[关键词] obesity;ads;junk food;energy;saturated fat;natrium;sucrose