Mendeleev Table: a Proof of Madelung Rule and Atomic Tietz Potential

[摘要] We prove that a neutral atom in mean-field approximation has ${\rm O}(4)$ symmetry and this fact explains the empirical $[n+l,n]$-rule or Madelung rule which describes effectively periods, structure and other properties of the Mendeleev table of chemical elements.

[关键词] Madelung rule;Mendeleev periodic system of elements;Tietz potential