Efficacy of the insect repellent IR3535 on the sand fly Phlebotomus papatasi in human volunteers

[摘要] Phlebotomus papatasi (Diptera: Psychodidae) is an important sand fly species in the Old World, where it transmits Leishmania major, the etiologic agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis (Killick-Kendrick 1999, Maroli et al. 2013, Ready 2013). This species is the main vector in the Middle East, north Africa, and central Asia (Ashford 1996, FichetCalvet 2003, Janini et al. 1995, Ready 2013). In general, sand flies have cryptic breeding sites (Feliciangeli 2004), making effective control of the insect difficult, so personal protective measures are often key in preventing transmission of leishmaniasis in areas where it poses a risk (Alexander and Maroli 2003, Maroli and Khoury 2006). Although the gold standard, diethyl-m-tolumide (DEET), is effective at repelling sand flies (Cilek et al. 2004), other options are desirable to provide a choice for consumers and in case of allergies or preference for an alternative.