Path Analysis on The Biological and Social Life Course Factors Affecting Childs Speech and Language Development Delay

[摘要] Background : The development in children occurs once during the period of their life. The la­ngu­age ability is an indicator of all the development. The lack of stimulation can cause speech and la­ngu­­age disorders and this disorder can persist. This study aimed to determine the effects of bio­lo­gi­cal and social life course factors on delayed speech and language development. Subjects and Method : This study was an observational analytic with cross-sectional approach, conducted in 25 integrated health posts (posyandu) located in Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta in March to April 2019. The total sample of 225 toddlers was chosen using fixed exposure sampling. The dependent variable was delayed speech and language development. The independent variables we­re income, employment, nutritional status, birth weight, history of toxoplasma, rubella, CMV and TORCH, history of infection, duration of gadget use, language, frequency of posyandu visit, and early childhood education (PAUD). Data collection on delayed speech and language de­ve­lop­ment were measured by Denver II. The data were analyzed by path analysis. Results : Speech and language delayed development was directly decreased with normal birth weight (b= -2.19; 95% CI= -3.58 to -0.79; p= 0.002), employed mother (b = -1.32; 95% CI = -2.38 to -0.27; p = 0.013), good nutritional status (b = -2.14; 95% CI = -3.37 to -0.91; p = 0.001), re­gu­lar­ly attend integrated health post (b = -1.29; 95% CI = -2.31 to -0.26; p = 0.013 ), mono language (b = -1.02; 95% CI = -1.99 to -0.04; p = 0.041), low duration of gadget use (b = -1.59; 95% CI = 0.23 to 2.33; p = 0.017). Speech and language delayed development was directly increased with history of di­sease (b = 1.37; 95% CI = 0.34 to 2.40; p= 0.009), and did not attend Pre-school (b = 1.28; 95% CI = -2.65 to -0.53; p = 0.003). It was indirectly affected by number of children, income, and history of TORCH. Conclusion : Delays in speech and language development are directly influenced by birth weight, infection history, employment, nutritional status, frequency to posyandu (integrated health posts), long usage of gadgets, PAUD (pre-school) and indirectly influenced by income and the number of children.

[学科分类] 食品科学和技术

[关键词] the development of speech and language;the use of gadgets