Lung Transplantation: Potential of Biomarkers & Nanotechnology in Management of Organ Rejection

[摘要] Lung transplantation is an established and suitable treatment to improve the quality of life and the prognosis of patients with various end-stage pulmonary diseases. Progress in the understanding of the immunobiology of rejection has been translated to the development of immunosuppressive agents targeting T cells, B cells, plasma cells, costimulatory signals, complement products and antidonor antibodies. Early detection of organ rejection and outcome prediction by biomarkers in organ transplantation leadsto prompt initiation of suitable immunosuppressive therapy which may help to prevent early morbidity and mortality. But the current list of immunosuppressive agents used are found to be associated with significant toxicity and side effects mainly nephrotoxicity, opportunistic infections, serum sickness, anaphylaxis and neurotoxicity which made researchers to find out various ways for targeting immunosuppressants to target cells of the immune system, thus reducing the toxic effects associated with conventional dosage forms. Nanotechnology has emerged in the past two decades as a field with the potential to satisfy clinical needs in the area of targeted and sustained drug delivery of various immunosuppressive agents. In this review article an attempt has been bade to provide an overview about role of biomarkers and nanotechnology in efficient management of organ rejection. Lung transplantation is an established and suitable treatment to improve the quality of life and the prognosis of patients with various end-stage pulmonary diseases. Progress in the understanding of the immunobiology of rejection has been translated to the development of immunosuppressive agents targeting T cells, B cells, plasma cells, costimulatory signals, complement products and antidonor antibodies. Early detection of organ rejection and outcome prediction by biomarkers in organ transplantation leadsto prompt initiation of suitable immunosuppressive therapy which may help to prevent early morbidity and mortality. But the current list of immunosuppressive agents used are found to be associated with significant toxicity and side effects mainly nephrotoxicity, opportunistic infections, serum sickness, anaphylaxis and neurotoxicity which made researchers to find out various ways for targeting immunosuppressants to target cells of the immune system, thus reducing the toxic effects associated with conventional dosage forms. Nanotechnology has emerged in the past two decades as a field with the potential to satisfy clinical needs in the area of targeted and sustained drug delivery of various immunosuppressive agents. In this review article an attempt has been bade to provide an overview about role of biomarkers and nanotechnology in efficient management of organ rejection.

[学科分类] 药学、药理学、毒理学（综合）

[关键词] Immunosuppressive therapy;Biomarkers;Nanotechnology;immune system