A prediction model for chloride-ion ingress in concrete sleepers

[摘要] Reportedly, about 30 million ha (74 million acres) ofIran’s land area are classified as entirely desert areas,of which about 12 million ha (30 million acres) areexposed to windblown sand and about 5 million ha (12 million acres) are active sand dunes.1 Zakeri et al. listed railwaysuperstructure problems in the sandy desert areas, which aresummarized as follows:• breakage and wear of concrete, steel, and wooden sleepers (Fig. A.1; for appendix figures go to www.pci.org/2023Jan-Appx1)• untimely wear of rails and fastening systems• quick deterioration of track geometry• gradual degradation of bridges• obstruction of culvert entrances (Fig. A.1)• structural damage due to excessive rigidity of ballastlayer (Fig. A.2)• track closure due to deposition of sand (Figure A.2).

[学科分类] 建筑学