Emerging noninvasive neuromodulation methods for functional gastrointestinal diseases

[摘要] Functional gastrointestinal diseases(FGIDs) are the most prevalent disordersof the gastrointestinal tract that extendsfrom the esophagus to the anus, whichinclude gastroesophageal diseases (GERD),noncardiac chest pain, swallowing disorders,functional dyspepsia (FD), gastroparesis,functional abdominal pain, intestinalpseudo-obstruction, irritable bowelsyndrome (IBS), postoperative ileus,constipation and diarrhea, pelvic pain,and others.[1] Due to the functional natureof disorders and lack of biomarkers, thediagnosis is largely based on symptoms.