Cortical synaptic mechanism for chronic pain and anxiety in Parkinson’s disease

[摘要] Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a commonmovement disorder and represents thesecond most common neurodegenerativedisease after Alzheimer’s disease.[1,2] Aserious problem is that PD prevalenceand incidence showed an actual increase.[3]The main neuropathological finding isdegeneration of dopaminergic neuronsin the midbrain, especially substantianigra.[4] Although PD is predominantlyconsidered as a motor disorder, nonmotormanifestations have gained increasingattention, such as pain and anxiety.[5,6]Both pain and anxiety symptoms severelyaffect the life quality of PD patients. Painis a prevalent nonmotor symptoms in PD,leading to increased disability and reducedhealth-related quality of life. Most patientswith PD are suffering pain. PD patientssuffer from a range of different painsyndromes, varying in their cause, origin,location and chronicity. The most frequentpain syndromes in PD are musculoskeletalpain, neuropathic radicular pain, dystoniarelated pain, akathisia discomfort, andprimary central parkinsonian pain. Thereare 30%–95% of patients with PD sufferingfrom different forms of pain, includingacute pain and chronic pain.