Calcium-rich dravite from the Arignac Gypsum Mine, France: Implications for tourmaline development in a sulfate-rich, highly magnesian meta-evaporite

[摘要] Tourmaline occurs in a wide range of compositional environments, but its occurrence in meta-evaporites is less commonly investigated. Highly magnesian (XMg = 0.90–0.98), poikiloblastic tourmaline occurs in a sulfate-rich, anhydrite–gypsum-bearing meta-evaporite in the Arignac Gypsum Mine, France and preserves a petrologic record of this unusualgeochemical environment. Originally a Triassic evaporite deposit, the sample is interpreted to have undergone high-temperature–low-pressure (HT–LP) metamorphism and subsequently experienced low-grade, highly deformed overprints.Poikiloblastic tourmaline preserves relicts of the HT–LP mineral assemblage, as inclusions of anhydrite, phlogopite,dolomite, tremolite, Cl-rich scapolite (71–85 % marialite component), rutile, zircon, and fluor-apatite. The low-gradedeformational overprints are characterized by partial replacement of anhydrite by gypsum, phlogopite by clinochlore,dolomite by talc, and scapolite by mixtures of near end-member albite and K-feldspar with later crosscutting calciteand celestite. Tourmaline develops two textural zones – zone 1 with few mineral inclusions and zone 2 with abundantinclusions and/or complex chemical zoning.The tourmaline is mostly dravite or Ca-rich (> 0.25 apfu Ca) dravite with a few analyses of oxy-dravite and one attaining a high-Ti composition consistent with the hypothetical species “magnesio-dutrowite”. The average zone-1 tourmaline has an ordered structural formula of (Na0.61Ca0.32☐0.07)(Mg2.82Fe3+0.11Ti0.06)(Al5.87 Fe3+0.13)(Si5.93Al0.07)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH0.51O0.41F0.07) and the average zone-2 tourmaline has an ordered structural formula of (Na0.72Ca0.21☐0.07)(Mg2.80Ti0.20)(Al5.76 Fe3+0.17Mg0.07)(Si5.91Al0.09)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH0.57O0.39F0.04). Inter- and intragranular chemical variability observed inthe tourmaline is primarily consistent with the operation of combinations of the (CaMg)(NaAl)–1, (R3+O)[R2+(OH)]–1and (TiO2)[R2+(OH)2]–1 exchange vectors.Assuming 600 °C for tourmaline formation, the Na-Ca contents of the X-site yield fluid composition estimates of Na1+fluidof 480 mM and Ca2+fluid of 160 mM for average zone-1 and Na1+fluid of 460 mM and Ca2+fluid of 110 mM for average zone2. Na is comparable to modern seawater, with Ca increased at least ten times. Partition coefficients involving aqueousfluids in equilibrium with tourmaline suggest that the dissolved constituents of the coexisting aqueous fluid were 144.7ppm B, 3.0 ppm Cr, 8.6 ppm Mn and 53.6 ppm Ti for zone 1 compared to 145.4 ppm B, 0.7 ppm Cr, 13.6 ppm Mn and16.6 ppm Ti for zone 2. Comparison of the Arignac tourmaline data with other meta-evaporites and sulfate- or scapolitebearing lithologies demonstrate the remarkable commonalities and a few differences exhibited by tourmalines of theselithologies. These data contribute to our understanding of Mg-rich tourmaline formation and coexisting fluid compositions, require a modification of the AFM host rock compositional fields, and underscore the breadth of environmentsin which tourmaline forms.

[学科分类] 自动化工程

[关键词] tourmaline supergroup;gypsum;anhydrite;dravite;magnesian;meta-evaporites