Aggressive primary thyroid lymphoma invading the internal jugular vein: a case series

[摘要] Primary thyroid lymphoma (PTL) is a rare malignant diseaseoriginating from the thyroid. Its incidence is less than 5%of all malignant thyroid diseases, and less than 2% are extranodal lymphoma (1). PTL is most often characterizedby a rapidly growing neck lump in a short period of timeas the first symptom. The literature on PTL involvingadjacent tissues is relatively rare, and the literature on theinvasion of the internal jugular vein is even more rare. Theavailable literature most often reports on the encirclementof the internal jugular vein, with little direct evidence ofthe invasion of the lumen (2-4). We report on 3 cases ofaggressive PTL, all of which invaded the internal jugularvein, and a tumor thrombus formed. The pathological typeof all 3 cases was diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL).Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) was performedin all cases. The internal jugular vein thrombus in case 3 wasconfirmed to be a tumor thrombus by ultrasound-guidedfine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB). To our knowledge,this is the first report of PTL invading the internal jugularvein with a tumor thrombus confirmed by an ultrasoundguided pathological puncture. We present the features ofconventional ultrasound (US) and CEUS for PTL invasionof the internal jugular vein. Further, this study demonstratesthat chemotherapy can also be used to treat an internaljugular vein tumor thrombus caused by PTL.

[学科分类] 外科医学