Version 2 of the global catalogue of large anthropogenic and volcanic SO 2 sources and emissions derived from satellite measurements

[摘要] Sulfur dioxide ( SO 2 ) measurements from the OzoneMonitoring Instrument (OMI), Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS), andTROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) satellite spectrometers wereused to update and extend the previously developed global catalogue of large SO 2 emission sources. This version 2 of the global catalogue covers theperiod of 2005–2021 and includes a total of 759 continuously emitting pointsources releasing from about 10  kt yr −1 to more than 4000  kt yr −1 of SO 2 , that have been identified and grouped by country and primarysource origin: volcanoes (106 sources); power plants (477); smelters (74);and sources related to the oil and gas industry (102). There are severalmajor improvements compared to the original catalogue: it combines emissionsestimates from three satellite instruments instead of just OMI, uses a newversion 2 of the OMI and OMPS SO 2 dataset, and updated consistentsite-specific air mass factors (AMFs) are used to calculate SO 2 verticalcolumn densities (VCDs). The newest TROPOMI SO 2 data processed withthe Covariance-Based Retrieval Algorithm (COBRA), used in the catalogue, candetect sources with emissions as low as 8  kt yr −1 (in 2018–2021)compared to the 30  kt yr −1 limit for OMI. In general, there is anoverall agreement within ±12  % in total emissions estimated fromthe three satellite instruments for large regions. For individual emissionsources, the spread is larger: the annual emissions estimated from OMI andTROPOMI agree within ±13  % in 50 % of cases and within ±28  % in 90 % of cases. The version 2 catalogue emissions were calculatedas a weighted average of emission estimates from the three satelliteinstruments using an inverse-variance weighting method. OMI, OMPS, andTROPOMI data contribute 7 %, 5 %, and 88 % to the average, respectively,for small ( 300   kt yr −1 ) sources. The cataloguedata show an approximate 50 % decline in global SO 2 emissions between2005 and 2021, although emissions were relatively stable during the last 3 years. The version 2 of the global catalogue has been posted at the NASAglobal SO 2 monitoring website ( https://doi.org/10.5067/MEASURES/SO2/DATA406 , Fioletov et al., 2022).

[学科分类] 眼科学