Sub-mesoscale observations of convective cold pools with a dense station network in Hamburg, Germany

[摘要] From June to August 2020, an observational network of 103 meteorological ground-based stationscovered the greater area (50  km   ×  35  km ) of Hamburg (Germany) as partof the Field Experiment on Sub-mesoscale Spatio-Temporal variability at Hanseatic city ofHamburg (FESST@HH). The purpose of the experiment was to shed lighton the sub-mesoscale ( ? (100)  m – ? (10)  km ) structure ofconvective cold pools that typically remain under-resolved in operational networks. During theexperiment, 82 custom-built, low-cost APOLLO (Autonomous cold POoL LOgger) stations sampled air temperatureand pressure with fast-response sensors at 1  s resolution to adequately capture the strong and rapidperturbations associated with propagating cold pool fronts. A secondary network of 21 weather stationswith commercial sensors provided additional information on relative humidity, wind speed, andprecipitation at 10  s resolution. The realization of the experiment during the COVID-19 pandemicwas facilitated by a large number of volunteers who provided measurement sites on their premises andsupported station maintenance. This article introduces the novel type of autonomously operatinginstruments, their measurement characteristics, and the FESST@HH data set ( https://doi.org/10.25592/UHHFDM.10172 ;  Kirsch et al. ,  2021 b ) . A case study demonstrates that thenetwork is capable of mapping the horizontal structure of the temperature signal inside a cold pool,and quantifying a cold pool's size and propagation velocity throughout itslife cycle. Beyond its primary purpose, the data set offers new insights into the spatial andtemporal characteristics of the nocturnal urban heat island and variations of turbulent temperaturefluctuations associated with different urban and natural environments.

[学科分类] 眼科学