Respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia in an adult cord blood transplant recipient during the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak

[摘要] A 52-year-old man, who 8 months previously received single-unit cordblood transplantation for acute myeloid leukemia, presented with a 4-day history of nonproductive cough and sore throat. Chest radiographyand computed tomography revealed the presence of bilateral groundglass opacities affecting mainly the upper lobes (Figure 1). Testing forpolymerase chain reaction (PCR) of severe acute respiratory syndromecoronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in nasopharyngeal swab was negativedespite its pandemic in Japan. An extensive search for other pathogensidentified respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) by PCR of a nasopharyngeal swab, confirming the diagnosis of RSV pneumonia, which rarelyaffects late phase stem cell transplant recipients [1]. Epidemic patterns of infectious viruses other than SARS-CoV-2 altered substantially inthese 2 years, presumably due to the changes in social activities associated with SARS-CoV-2 pandemics [2, 3]. For instance, RSV infectionwas highly suppressed in 2020 but had a resurgent outbreak in earlysummer 2021 [4, 5]. Therefore, RSV pneumonia should be consideredin immunocompromised adults.