Pre-Assessment of Environmental Impact of Zinc and Copper Used in Animal Nutrition

[摘要] The work programme under the Freshwater Umbrella has been designed to provide the best available means for addressing key DEFRA policy questions regarding the effects of N deposition on upland lakes and streams. These questions may be summarised as: 1. What is the spatial extent of acidification and eutrophication in UK upland lakes and streams which may be attributed to or exacerbated by N deposition? 2. How successful have S and N emission reduction policies been to date in reducing or preventing acidification (measured as critical load exceedance) and eutrophication of sensitive freshwaters in the UK? 3. Which forms of N deposition lead to NO3 - leaching into surface waters? 4. Since only a small proportion of deposited N currently leaks into surface waters, which factors control leaching and how do they change through time, i.e. will the major increases in NO3 - leaching predicted by mass-balance models occur over policy-relevant timescales (years to decades)? 5. How will future reductions in NOx or ammonia emissions affect NO3 - leaching and hence the acidification or eutrophication status of surface waters, and over what timescales?

[发布机构] European Food Safety Authority