The Life Cycle and Development of Scapteriscus vicinus Scudder and S. borellii Giglio-Tos (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae) in Southeastern North Carolina

[摘要] The development of the tawny (Scapteriscus vicinus Scudder) and southern mole cricket (S. borellii Giglio-Tos) was quantified in southeastern North Carolina from field-collected samples. Nymphs were sampled weekly using the soapy water flush technique during the summers of 1993-1997 at nine golf courses to compile a developmental data base from a total of 20 site-years. Pronotal length was used to assign the nymphs to size classes, and counts were summarized on a m2 basis. The two smallest size classes were equated to the first and second instar and counts were used to quantify the timing of 25, 50 and 75% peak and cumulative abundance and estimate the timing of oviposition and hatch. Flight behavior was studied concurrently at two sites using paired acoustic calling traps to capture flying adults. Timing of flight was compared to timing of nymph abundance. Flight counts were also compared to nymph counts before and after flight at both sites, and with damage levels occurring later in the season at one site. The relationship between soil moisture and damage was studied (1995-1997) in the field at one site and the relationship between soil moisture and oviposition was studied in a series of greenhouse experiments. Soil moisture was found to significantly affect both surface activity and oviposition. On-site soil degree-day accumulations and rainfall data from regional weather stations were examined to determine their relationship to the timing of development and flight. Soil degree-days were correlated with the timing of cumulative nymph abundance, however, date quantified timing better than degree-days. A statistically significant correlation between the timing of development and both soil degree-days and rainfall was found. Differences in annual degree-day accumulations and a soil moisture-related delay in oviposition documented in the greenhouse experiments are believed responsible for observed differences in annual development. Management implications of the research are discussed.

[发布机构] University:North Carolina State University

[效力级别] flight

[关键词] acoustic calling traps;flight;behavior;mole cricket;Scapteriscus borellii;Scapteriscus vicinus;turfgrass;soil moisture;surface activity;damage;degree-days;development;oviposition