Measurements of air pollution emission factors for marine transportation in SECA

[摘要] The chemical composition of the plumes of seagoing ships was measured duringa two week long measurement campaign in the port of Rotterdam, Hoek vanHolland The Netherlands, in September 2009. Altogether, 497 ships weremonitored and a statistical evaluation of emission factors (g kg⁻¹fuel) was provided. The concerned main atmospheric components were SO₂,NO₂, NO_x and the aerosol particle number. In addition, theelemental and water-soluble ionic composition of the emitted particulatematter was determined. Emission factors were expressed as a function of shiptype, power and crankshaft rotational speed. The average SO₂ emissionfactor was found to be roughly half of what is allowed in sulphur emissioncontrol areas (16 vs. 30 g kg⁻¹ fuel), and exceedances of this limit wererarely registered. A significant linear relationship was observed betweenthe SO₂ and particle number emission factors. The intercept of theregression line, 4.8 × 10¹⁵ (kg fuel)⁻¹, gives theaverage number of particles formed during the burning of 1 kg zero sulphurcontent fuel, while the slope, 2 × 10¹⁸, provides the averagenumber of particles formed with 1 kg sulphur burnt with the fuel.Water-soluble ionic composition analysis of the aerosol samples from theplumes showed that ~144 g of particulate sulphate was emittedfrom 1 kg sulphur burnt with the fuel. The mass median diameter of sulphateparticles estimated from the measurements was ~42 nm.

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