Cranial Neural Crest Cells Contribute to Connective Tissue in Cranial Muscles in the Anuran Amphibian, Bombina orientalis

[摘要] Thecontributionofcranialneuralcrestcellstothedevelopmentandpatterningofcranialmusclesinamphibianswasinvestigatedinthephylogeneticallybasalandmorphologicallygeneralizedfrog,Bombinaorientalis.Experimentalmethodsincludedfluorescentmarkingofpremigratorycranialneuralcrestandextirpationofindividualmigratorystreams.Neuralcrestcellscontributedtotheconnectivetissuecomponent,butnotthemyofibers,ofmanylarvalmuscleswithinthefirsttwobranchialarches(mandibularandhyoid),andcomplexchangesinmusclepatterningfollowedneuralcrestextirpation.Connectivetissuecomponentsofindividualmusclesofeitherarchoriginatefromtheparticularcrestmigratorystreamthatisassociatedwiththatarch,andthisrelationshipismaintainedregardlessofthesegmentalidentity—orembryonicderivation—ofassociatedskeletalcomponents.Thesedevelopmentalrelationsdefineapatternofsegmentationintheheadoflarvalanuransthatissimilartothatpreviouslydescribedinthedomesticchicken,theonlyvertebratethathasbeenthoroughlyinvestigatedinthisrespect.Thefundamentalroleoftheneuralcrestinpatterningskeletonandmusculaturemayrepresentaprimitivefeatureofcranialdevelopmentinvertebrates.Moreover,thecorrespondingdevelopmentalprocessesandcellfatesappeartobeconservedevenwhenmajorevolutionaryinnovations—suchasthenovelcartilagesandmusclesofanuranlarvae—resultinmajordifferencesincranialform.

[学科分类] 生物科学（综合）

[关键词] neural crest;cell migration;cell fate;Bombina;extirpation;vital dye labeling;cranial muscles