The existence of a Na+-dependent mechanism for Ca2+ efflux from isolated rat liver mitochondria was confirmed. The activity of this system is decreased by 60% in mitochondria isolated from perfused livers. The Na+-dependent activity is fully restored by infusion of either 1μm-adrenaline or 1μm-isoprenaline, but the α-adrenergic agonist phenylephrine is ineffective.