Considerations on the Heat and Water Vapour Budgets over U. S. A. in January 1957

[摘要] Distributions of heat gain or loss in a whole layer from the ground surface to 500mb level as well as at some specified levels are presented in Section 2. At most places a heat sink is seen near the ground surface while heat sources appear at some places in some upper layers.One of the factors of heat gain is the heat released by condensation of water vapour, and the region where large amount of condensation is estimated coincides well with the region of heat source. Cooling of an air column below 500mb level due to long wave radiation is estimated to be 300ly•day-1 or thereabout. Exchange of sensible heat between the ground surface and atmosphere is supposedly smaller than the heat gain or loss by the above two factors.Calculation of budget of water vapour shows that net condensation is in excess of observed amount of precipitation in some regions and in deficit in thers. At the former regions, weather condition such as cloudy without precipitation is observed frequently. It seems necessary to study role of cloud as a conveyance of moisture.

[学科分类] 大气科学