On the Scattering of Small Balloons in the Atmosphere

[摘要] O. G. Sutton(1), in his work on the eddy diffusion in the atmosphere, deduced the formula σ2=1/2c2(ut)m, where σ denotes the standard deviation of the balloons from their mean path, c, m are two constants, u is the mean wind velocity and t is the time of travel, so that (ut) is the distance travelled. He himself obtained results refering the data collected by Richardson and Proctor in their researches on the scattering of small balloons, and found that m=1.75 and c lies between 10-1 and 1(cm)1/8.The present paper is concerned with a trial of such a kind of scattering of small balloons at Tokyo under auspice of the Central Meteorological Observatory. The fallen position and the time was traced after the kind reports from people who happened to catch any one of the scattered balloons. The trial was given twice, once on Sept. 4th, the other on Sept. 11th in the year of 1924. Analysing the material, under the kind guidance of Prof. S. Fujiwhara, we found that Sutton's theory may be a suitable representation of the facts of diffusion in the atmosphere. The values m and c calculated with the above two data are respectivelym=1.9 c=1.23(cm.)1/2) (Sept. 4th)m=2.5 c=0.015(cm)-1/4 (Sept. 11th)and the constancy of c in each case was considerably satisfactory.

[学科分类] 大气科学