The use of cationic surfactants in marine anti-fouling applications

[摘要] The protection, from fouling, of marine sensors is at present one of the major problems facing those wishing to collect data from the world's oceans. Sensors, such as transmissometers, have their ability to monitor light levels reduced to practically zero within seven days during marine trials in Scottish coastal waters. In this study the use of cationic surface-active agents (surfactants), in particular quaternary ammonium compounds and biguanides, incorporated into hydrogels are investigated as possible anti-fouling protection for such sensors. In this research it has been shown that the dual chemical and physical properties of some quaternary ammonium compounds and biguanides prevent marine fouling, including microfouling, for up to 15 weeks. Due to the ability of these materials to form micelles their release is slowed down and they are able to remain bound to their polymeric substrate, hydrogel. The slow to zero release of these chemicals makes them attractive alternatives to the current toxic anti-fouling materials. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of the quaternary ammonium compounds and the biguanides are considered and successful, and robust, analytical methods are developed and used within this study. The principles behind the analytical methods are explained, as is the credibility of the chosen technique.

[发布机构] University:University of Glasgow

[关键词] Ocean engineering