ERISA May Shield HMO Liability: Texas Law Under Fire

[摘要] The ERISA shield has become a favorite of employers and benefits providers, because its overwhelming effect is to reduce the situations in which they can be held legally responsible for misdeeds. Even in cases where a violation can be established, the statutory penalties are insufficient to make bringing cases to court worthwhile, or are inadequate to deter future improper conduct. Efforts over the years to enact an amendment to ERISA have failed because of powerful lobbying by business and health care interests. re reluctant to utilize, inform or confront their care providers, impairing collaboration in treatment.

[学科分类] 农业科学（综合）

[关键词] Physical work demand;posture;production of seedlings;ergonomics.