Actions, interactions et structure dans l'émergence de la stratification sociale des diplômes : un modèle de choix discrets avec externalités

[摘要] The article presents a generating model of educational stratification which aims analytically decompose the emergence of this one in terms of individual choices, of interactions direct and indirect between them and of structural constraints which weigh on the actors. The model suggested takes as a starting point the framework of "discrete choices models with externalities". By this one, it proposes to refine the most usually adopted theorizations in the quantitative studies of the educational stratification, namely the “rational educational choice approach”. The article guides the reader through the stages of construction and study of the model. In the first time, the sociological ideas which melt this model are exposed. In the second time, their mathematical formalization, initially, their computational translation (in an agents-based system), then, are dissected. In the third time, the results of the deductive treatment by simulation of the theoretical model are elaborate inductively. On the one hand, the "simulated" data are confronted with French and Italian empirical data to establish the degree of conformity between the theoretical educational stratification and empirical one. In addition, one studies the data produced by the model under experimental conditions different from those adopted to reproduce the empirical data: namely, the role of the interindividual variability in the genesis of the educational stratification is explored. The article is concluded by a discussion about the limits of our formal model.

[学科分类] 数学（综合）

[关键词] agents-based models;heterogeneity;mathematical model;statistical analysis;educational choices;interdependency