Determining the canning quality of small seeded white beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

[摘要] English: It is important to the producers, processors and consumers insouth Africa to have dry bean cultivars with acceptablecanning quality. Therefore, dry bean breeders needs sui tablescreening methods to evaluate the various lines at an earlystage (F4) when only small amounts of seed are available.A micro-canning method to evaluate canning beans .in tomatosauce has been developed and compared to the commercialprocessing procedures with comparable results. Externalfactors that influenced the canning quality like the water quality were investigated. This micro-canning method couldtherefore be used to investigate the effect of genotype andenvironment interactions that significantly influenced thecanning quality.The objectives of this study were to:o Evaluate different qeriet i.c material for use as parents inthe breeding program.$ To obtain a better understanding of canning qualitycharacteristics of beans and to ensure that the mostimportant characteristics are evaluated and the componentinterrelationships. �?Determine the genotypic, environmental and genotype xenvironment interactions that influenced the canningquality.�?To ascertain the patterns of interrelationships of thecanning quality parameters and chemical analysis.�?To investigate the patterns and relationships betweenstandard and choice grade cultivars.e To investigate stability of locali ties between seasons aswell as the clustering of different environments andseasons.Small seeded white beans, carioca and yellow haricot beanswere used to determine variability in canning quality but as aresult of a lower canning quality of coloured beans, onlysmall seeded white beans were used for further investigations.As result of the investigations of differentacharacteristics, only the seed size, water absorption duringsoaking and canning, the texture and subjective visualappearance evaluations were used to determine canning quality. These characteristics were interrelated but single noparameter could explain variation' in canning quality.Canonical correlation analysis was used to determine to whatextent variation of chemical components was responsible fordifferences in canning quality and these results indicated that mainly potassium and calcium would influence the waterabsorption and texture, respectively.Canonical variate analysis was used to determine thedifference between unacceptable, standard and choice gradecultivars. A model was described from these analysis thatcould be applied to independent data sets that results incoordinates that differentiates the lines or cultivars asunacceptable, standard and choice grade.Significant interactions between genotype, environmental andseasonal effects for canning quality traits indicated thatcultivar responses to variation in localities and seasonsdiffer. Environmental effects resulted in inconsistent qualitymeasurements since trait expression is strongly influenced bygenotype x environment interactions.Results from this study suggested that the difference betweencultivars could therefore be due to a complex interaction ofthe chemical and structural composition, which is geneticallydetermined and influenced by the anv i ronmen t . as well as thechanges that occur during processing.The Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction(AMMI) model mainly grouped KwaZulu-Natal separately as a region with poor canning quality. The rest of South Africa'slocalities grouped different for each season.Resulting from this investigation, several recommendations canbe made:c Breeding material should be tested fo~ more than one seasonin order to select superior and more stable lines.o Elimination of canning quality evaluations of KwaZulu-Natalcould improve the genetic progress.�?Exploitation of the interactions by breeding for specificadaptation in a region of homogeneous area.Demarcating one or two areas in South Africa for the exclusiveproduction of small white canning beans could improve theoverall canning quality of the small white bean production inSouth Africa.

[发布机构] University of the Free State