Persoonlikheidsverskille tussen manlike entrepreneurs van verskillende kultuurgroepe

[摘要] English: At the moment stagnation is one of the problems South Africa's economy has to face.The formal sector's inability to create enough job opportunities is due to among otherthings urbanisation, over-population and rationalisation. Thus, entrepreneurship is acommon phenomenon because the large numbers of unemployed people have tocreate their own jobs in order to survive.For years researchers tried to identify the characteristics of the successfulentrepreneur. After several studies were undertaken, they concluded that no provisionwas made for differences in the personalities of black and white South Africans.Diversity is one of the most striking features of the South Africa's population. Twoexamples are educational levels and the distribution of wealth. Will the personalityprofiles of different cultural groups differ? American studies could identify definitedissimilarities regarding the personalities of black and white American maleentrepreneurs.The environmental context of the formerly disadvantaged black people in SouthAfrica differs radically from that of the so-called American Negroes. This increasesthe possibility that the personalities of the South African black and white maleentrepreneurs - with their diverse backgrounds - will not be the same. Therefore, theaim of this study is to determine whether significant differences can be identifiedregarding the personality factors of these two groups.Entrepreneurship is no simple event - it is a dynamic, continuous process aimed at thelong-term. Since entrepreneurs interact with their environment, the review ofpublished literature focused on the influence external factors have on them. Morespecifically attention was paid to their background factors and economic environmentas well as political, technological and social factors. It became evident that peoplewith a similar background will have similar features and this enables the researcher topredict the personality characteristics of entrepreneurs.Prompted by previous empirical findings the dominant features associated with thesuccessful entrepreneur were identified, namely drive, persistence, achievement need,purposiveness, creativity and imaginativeness, willingness to take calculated risks,self-confidence, integrity, an internal locus of control, an aspiration to be independentas well as other characteristics like the effective management of time and self-knowledge.Because it was the theoretical forerunner of factor analysis, personalistic psychologywas used to characterise the personality concept. This theoretical frame makes itpossible to divide personality into basic personality factors in terms of which peoplecan then be described.Eighty subjects who meet Boshoff' s requirements for successful entrepreneursparticipated in this study. The forty black and forty white male entrepreneurs eachcompleted the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire, Schepers' Locus of ControlQuestionnaire as well as a biographical questionnaire developed by the researcherherself. The multivariate analysis of variance was used to determine the differences.The findings reveal the existence of statistically significant differences between whiteand black male entrepreneurs. It turned out that in comparison with black maleentrepreneurs, the white male entrepreneurs are more emotionally stable, selfsatisfied,adaptable, domineering, independent, autonomous and daring. They arealso more self-confident and motivated by achievements while the black maleentrepreneur is more emotionally sensitive and more anxious. He is alsocharacterised by an external locus of control.In view of the fact that there does not exist enough South African research onentrepreneurs and especially on the personality characteristics of the black maleentrepreneur, further investigations are necessary to determine whether these resultscan be generalised. The biographical details also revealed that most entrepreneurswere involved in the service industry. Thus, prospective entrepreneurs can beencouraged to enter the production sector.Finally: smce it was determined m this dissertation that black and white maleentrepreneurs differ significantly regarding twelve personality factors, the nullhypothesis are rejected.

[发布机构] University of the Free State