Quality prediction and improvement in Lesotho commercial wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars

[摘要] English: �?The objectives of this study were to characterize wheat cultivars grown in Lesotho according totheir glutenin and gliadin banding patterns with the use of SOS-PAGE, estimate GCA, SCA,h2, heterosis and correlation of wheat quality traits by crossing poor, medium and goodbreadmaking qualities in a full diallel design to create F 1 and F2 progeny, and determine thepotential of SE-HPLC in predicting quality of wheat cultivars.�?Glutenin and gliadin proteins were separated using SOS-PAGE. Cultivars used for estimatingcombining ability were grown in pots and crossed in the greenhouse at Bloemfontein. The F 1progeny were grown in Lesotho and Bloemfontein while the F2 progeny were grown inBloemfontein. Protein extracted from the wheat flour of all this material were analysed by SEHPLC.�?Seven wheat quality characteristics were analysed at the Agricultural Research Council,Bethlehem for parents, F1 and F2 progeny.�?Analysis of variance and correlations were employed as statistical tools to analyse the datagenerated from storage protein, combining ability trials and SE-HPLC.�?Results revealed that gliadins and LMW-GS were able to distinguish 30 cultivars of wheatgrown in Lesotho, while HMW-GS enabled cultivars to be grouped.�?The ANO VA indcated significant differences between parents and F 1 progeny and parents andF 2 progeny for all characteristics studied. The mean squares for GCA, SCA and reciprocalswere significant for all measured characteristics in the F 1 generation, while in the F 2, the meansquares for GCA were significant for all but one characterisics. Mean squares for SCA andreciprocals were significant for all characteristics in the F2 generation.�?To improve or enhance quality, Wanda, SST 124 and Sceptre could be incorporated into thebreeding programme. Crosses such as Sceptre x Kariega, SST 124 x Nata, Wanda x Nata,Sceptre x Wanda, Kariega x Wanda, Kariega x Sceptre, SST 124 x Sceptre, Wanda x SST 124,Nata x Kariega and Nata x SST 124 should also be incorporated into the programme.�?F 1 progeny showed non-additive gene action in all characteristics while F2 progeny showedfour characteristics to be controlled by non-additive gene action while the others werecontrolled by additive gene action.�?Heritability in the broad sense was high for all characteristics in the F 1 and F2 progeny, whereasheritability in the narrow sense was higher for F2thanF1 progeny.�?Midparent heterosis and best parent heterosis was expressed in four characteristics.�?Highly significantly positive and negative correlations were observed between qualitycharacteristics in F1 and F2 progeny.�?Results ofSE-HPLC showed that large polymeric and large monomeric proteins can be used aspredictors of good and poor quality respectively, in the parents and F 1 and F2 progeny.

[发布机构] University of the Free State