Die musieklewe van Windhoek vanaf 1890 to 1971

[摘要] English: On 18 October 1890 the foundation stone of the first building in Windhoek, the fort (Alte Feste) was laid, and from that date the town grew rapidly. There were 4 812 White inhabitants in 1936 and 27 420 by 1970. After German rule ended in 1914, South West Africa was placed under South African administration.The military orchestra of the Schutztruppe (colonial protection force) dominated the musical scene until 1914. From 1907 onwards, the military population of Windhoek was gradually replaced by a civilian community.Because the Windhoek community consisted mostly of German speaking members, the musical activities were dominated by Germans until the Second World War. After the war, other language groups became more involved.The Mannergesangverein (male choir) was founded in 1907 and played an active role in Windhoek's musical life until 1971, except during the Second World War.The Church Choir of the German Evangelical Lutheran Church was started in 1910 for the inauguration of the Christuskirche. The choir regularly took part in performances in the church, the so-called Motetten (sacred evening concerts) until the early fifties. Over the years, the Christuskirche formed the centre of Church Music in Windhoek.An orchestra, the Windhuker Musikfreunde, was started in 1920 and dominated the city's musical scene until 1939.The male choir, church choir and the orchestra were led by Hans MUller. He was also organist at the Christuskirche and made the greatest single contribution to music in Windhoek before the Second World War.After the Second World War, music in the city was dominated by the Windhoek Symphony Orchestra under Willi Frewer.From 1956, Ernst Scherer contributed much to music in Windhoek with his choirs, which gave regular choir performances and took part in operas and operettas until 1971.Before the Second World War, the Windhuk Trio, which existed from 1921 'to 1936, and the Frewer, Kehrmann and Hatterscheidt trio, which existed from 1935 to 1937, contributed much towards the furthering of chamber music in Windhoek. After the war, between 1953 and 1970, a contribution to the city's musical life was made by the Windhoek String Quartet. The range and number of musical presentations increased yearly, but these were given mostly by amateur musicians, people who actually followed a different profession, and only practised their love of music in their spare time. Here the initiative was taken by individuals like Hans Muller and Willi Frewer. There were no state-subsidized musical presentations before the establishement of the South West African Performing Arts Council (SWAPAC), or before the exisence of the State Conservatoire. The SA Arts Association(Windhoek branch) did subsidize musical concerts, but the objective was not so much the promotion of local talent as the presentation of musicians from overseas. Music lessons were given privately and the three oldest schools offered little more than singing until 1960, when piano lessons were officially introduced into government schools. The Deutsche Hohere Privatschule always had a school choir and orchestra, and pupils regularly gave concerts. To a lesser extent, the Convent of the Holy Cross also held concerts, but it did enter pupils for the Trinity College exams.Windhoek High School offered little in the field of music before 1960 when piano lessons were introducedduring school-time. Music was offered as a school subject from 1962.Every second year from 1928, with a few exceptions, an Eisteddfod was held in Windhoek.Musicians from South Africa and overseas have visited Windhoek since 1899. At first these visits were rare, and the artists organised and presented concerts on their own initiative and at their own cost. With the increase in air travel in the fifties, visits from artists became more frequent. After organisations such as the Arts Association and SWAPAC began sponsoring concerts, Windhoek enjoyed regular visits from South African and foreign artists. Sacred music was performed in the Christuskirche, while secular music was performed in the halls of hotels, clubs, and schools until the Arts Theatre was opened on 3 October 1960.Prolonged clashes wi th the United Nations Organisation, and periods of political uncertainty strongly influenced Windhoek's musical life. It is perhaps for this reason that musicians came and went throughout the years and that very few decided to settle in Windhoek. This was one of the major problems of the Windhoek Symphony Orchestra which was to have been resolved with the foundation of the StateConservatoire in 1971. The following people made a particular contribution to music in Windhoek:Hans Muller (1885-1955), Willi Frewer (1911-1969), Heinrich Voigt (dates unknown), Dr Max Weiss (1901-1972), Gerald Fainsinger (1914- ), Dr Hans Maske (1927-1976), Ernst Scherer (1925- ), Dr FriedrichHornburg (1911-1969) and Mrs Ruthilde Hillig.

[发布机构] University of the Free State