Die verband tussen hoop en psigologiese welstand by adolessente

[摘要] English: The primary goal of this research was to investigate the relationship between hope andpsychological well-being in adolescents. The construct hope was theoreticallyexplored and a model of hope, as well a process of hope was developed. Hope isdescribed as a mood, which contains a conative function in order to accomplish theexecution of goals. Hope was, for the purpose of this research, placed within thephenomenological existensial framework. The nature of hope of the adolescent was alsoinvestigated. Psychological well-being was explored as it can be found within the scienceof psychofortology. Psychological well-being is defined as a position on the positive side ofa continuum, which can be reached after a dynamic process of resilience, has. beencompleted. The constructs sense of coherence, satisfaction with life and fortitude wasused to determine psychological well-being.Adolescence is theoretically described as an important developmental stage. Specificattention was paid to the role of hope in the extension of psychological well being of theadolescent within the South African context.Cluster sampling was used in the empirical research to identify 6 schools in the EasternCape and 5 schools in Gauteng. The entire Grade 12-learners of these specific schoolswas asked to complete the questionnaires. The research sample consisted of 1238adolescents. Psychological well-being was determined in this research by the use of theSatisfaction With Life Scale (Diener, Emmons, Larson & Griffen, 1985), FortitudeQuestionnaire (Pretorius, 1977) and The Sense of Coherence Scale (Antonovsky, 1987).The level of hope was determined by the Hopescale of Snyder et al. (1991 a) while thenature of hope was determined by a questionnaire which the researcher has developed,as well as an open ended question. The statistical significance of the questionnaire, whichwas developed for this research, was determined. All the questionnaires and scales,which were used in this research, obtained good indexes of reliability.The levels of hope of the adolescent was determined on 6 subscales of hope, namely:social, choice of career, economy, extended family and significant others, hope: pathwaysand hope: agency. From these components, the highest hope was placed on economy,extended family and significant others, as well as hope: agency. From the results wasdeducted that the motivational levels (agency) of the adolescents was higher than theirstrategies (pathways). The results of the open-ended question showed the following asaspects on which hope was placed: social relationships/intimacy, academic performanceand acknowledgement of a deity.It was found that it was the set of components of hope, which contributed the greatest tothe explanation of variance of the different components (sense of coherence, satisfactionwith life, fortitude) of psychological well being, and not the biological set of variables. Itwas significant that hope: pathways made a statistical significant contribution to theexplanation of variance of all three of the factors of psychological well-being. Thecomponent social contributed significantly to the explanation of variance of fortitude andsense of coherence. Extended family and significant others contributed significantly to theexplanation of variance of fortitude.Recommendations for further research were made from the results of the research. Itappeared as if the model, which indicates the process of hope, could be used successfullyin the extension of psychological well being of adolescents.

[发布机构] University of the Free State