Breeding dates and productivity of starlings ( Sturnus vulgaris ) in northern, central, and southern New Zealand | Notornis and Birds New Zealand

[摘要] The timing and breeding success of starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) in nest boxes was monitored simultaneously at 5 localities representing northern, central, and southern New Zealand. The northern locality, (Kaikohe, 35° 25'S) was monitored for 2 consecutive years; the others, of which Winton (46° 10'S) was the southernmost, for 4 consecutive years. The median date for the laying of Oct clutches was always earlier at Winton except in 1978 when it was 4 Oct at both Kaikohe and Winton. In any 1 year the size of Oct clutches (4.43 pooled over all years and localities) and the number of young in successful broods was always greater at Winton than elsewhere. In both 1977 and 1978 the difference in laying dates between Ohau and Waikanae (only 27 km apart) was greater than between Kaikohe and Winton at opposite ends of the country. The 5 localities showed no consistent trend, one with another, in their respective median laying dates from 1 year to another. The mortality of chicks was highest at Kaikohe, except for Belmont in 1978 when the 65% mortality was attributed to stoats (Mustela erminea). The laying of 2nd clutches has a very weak genetic basis and is probably a response to environmental factors.

[学科分类] 动物科学

[关键词] breeding biology;Callaeas cinerea wilsoni;Callaeatidae;King Country;Kokako;New Zealand