Morphological and genetic characterisation of mango (Mangifera indica L.) varieties in Mozambique

[摘要] English: Mango (Mangifera indica L.) belongs to the Anacardiaceae family. Consumption is increasing worldwide due its their nutritional value that is rich in vitamins A and C, potassium, β-carotene, fibre as well as proteins. Mangoes are economically important for Mozambique because of suitable climatic conditions and international market opportunities. This study compared morphological and AFLP characterisation of 30 mango varieties from the Umbeluzi research station, including some commercial varieties: 'Keitt, 'Kent, 'Haden, 'Sensation and 'Ruby. Morphological characterisation using IPGRI descriptors were divided into quantitative (23 characteristics) and qualitative (58 characteristics) data. The total variation was lower using quantitative (89.4% similarity) than qualitative data (60% similarity). The combined quantitative and qualitative dendrogram had 63% similarity and clustered varieties in three subgroups based on high fruit weight, high Brix content and low fruit weight. AFLP characterisation used seven primer combinations, generating 207 data points and detecting 74.9% polymorphism with an average of 30 fragments per primer combination. The total variation was low (72.49% similarity) and the dendrogram showed two main groups subdivided in five subgroups based on low fruit weight, dwarfness and low Brix content, high fruit weight and roundish fruit shape. The combined morphological and AFLP dendrogram was more accurate in clustering varieties based on geographic origin within the country and from outside. The dendrograms presented in the study will help breeders to select parents for crosses. PCA results confirmed the pattern of clustering of varieties based on fruit weight and Brix/acidity ratio. It is recommended to extend the study to include, the entire collection at Umbeluzi and to include morphological data, considering pest and diseases resistance characterisation, as well as genetic and cytological analysis. A study of genotype x environment interactions done over years should be undertaken in future.

[发布机构] University of the Free State