A stable complex between 18 S rRNA and globin mRNA has been isolated from 40 S initiation complexes in the reconstituted reticulocyte cell free system. This complex is only formed under the conditions which also lead to an initiation complex active in protein synthesis. The mRNA—18 S rRNA interactions has properties compatible with base-pairing. This observation is discussed in the context with other, in part controversial, observations relating to base pairing as a step in initiation of eukaryotic protein synthesis.