Individual submicrometer particles and biomolecular systems studied on the nanoscale

[摘要] The necessity to explore nanoscopic systems is ever increasing in the world of science and technology. This evolving need to study such physically small systems demands new experimental techniques and methodologies. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a versatile technique that can overcome many nanoscopic size limitations. AFM has been utilized in the world of nanotechnology to study physiochemical properties of particles, materials, and biomolecules through characterization of morphology, electrical and mechanical properties, binding interactions, and surface tension, among others. The work discussed herein is largely a report of several novel AFM methodologies that were developed to allow new characterization techniques of individual submicrometer particles and single biomolecular interactions. The effects of atmospheric aerosols on the radiative budget of the earth and climate are largely unknown. For this reason, characterizing the physiochemical properties of aerosols is vital. Since the particles that have relatively long lifetimes in the atmosphere are smaller than one micrometer in size, high resolution microscopy techniques are required to study them. AFM is a suitable technique for single particle studies because it has nanometer spatial resolution, can perform experiments under ambient pressure and variable relative humidity and temperature. These advantages were utilized here and AFM was used to study morphology, organic volume fraction, water uptake, and surface tension of nascent sea spray aerosol (SSA) particles as well as laboratory generated aerosols composed of relevant chemical model systems. The morphology of SSA was found, often times, to be composed of core-shell structure. With complementary microscopy techniques, the composition of the core and the shell was found to be inorganic and organic in nature, respectively. Novel methodology to measure water uptake and surface tension of single substrate deposited particles with AFM was established using chemical model systems. Furthermore, these methodologies were employed on nascent chemically complex SSA particles collected from a biologically active oceanic waveflume experiment. Finally, phase imaging was used to measure organic volume fraction on a single particle basis and was correlated with biological activity. Overall, this suite of single (submicrometer) particle AFM analysis techniques have been established, allowing future systematic studies of increasing complexity aimed at bridging the gap between the simplicity of laboratory generated particles and the complexity of nature. Another nanotechnology topic of interest is studying single biomolecular interactions. Virtually every biological process involves some amount of minute forces that are required for the biomolecular system to function properly. For example, there are picoNewton forces

[发布机构] University of Iowa