Principles of Screening for Chronic Kidney Disease

[摘要] The goal of a medical screening program is to recognize a disease in its preclinical phase so that intervention can occur at earlier stages, hopefully leading to better outcomes. Screening programs may also promote public awareness and education, encourage physician adherence to clinical practice guidelines (1,2), and serve as medical outreach to underserved populations (3). Such programs have benefits, risks, and costs. For a screening program to be beneficial, it should fulfill several criteria, as outlined by Wilson and Jungner (4) in 1968 in Principles and Practice of Screening for Disease (Table 1). In 1978, Rose and Barker (5), in a classic article on screening, stated that, to establish that a screening program was useful, health care providers needed to answer three important questions: “Does earlier treatment improve the prognosis?” “How valid and repeatable is the screening test?” and, “What is the yield of the screening service?” Today, these three questions remain fundamental to the success of any screening program.

[学科分类] 泌尿医学

[关键词] Bone marrow necrosis;Sickle cell disease;Hyperhemolysis syndrome