A research study was conducted to investigate the quality of welded connections between precast concrete components made under environmental conditions typically encountered in precast concrete construction. The effects of wind, humidity, temperature, and surface moisture on the quality of shielded metal arc welds (SMAWs) were examined. The study focused on ASTM A36 Type 304 stainless steel and ASTM A36 galvanized steel plates. Weld surfaces and cross sections were examined visually and with optical microscopy. The results of the examinations were compared with limits for various weld discontinuities in accordance with American Welding Society specifications D1.1 and D1.6. In addition, tests were performed to assess the impact of environmental conditions on strength. The results showed that good quality SMAW welds can be made in wind up to 35 mph (56 kph), intemperatures as low as -10 °F (-23.3 °C), and under wet conditions. In general, acceptable welds were fabricated under the variety of environmental conditions examined. Various types of discontinuities were observed but were not found to cause a significant reduction in the transverse shear strength of the welds.
