'n Ondersoek na oor�?en onderprestering by hoërskoolleerlinge met spesiale verwysing na motiverings�?en persoonlikheidsaspekte

[摘要] This investigation explored differences betweenacademically underachieving and overachievingpupils in relation to motivation and personalityin a Transvaal secondary school. The hypotheticalconcept was that underachievers and overachieverswould differ greatly and significantlywith regard to personality and motivationaltraits.From a population of 565 pupils three experimentalgroups were compiled, viz: a control group,a group of underachievers and a group of overachievers,each consisting of thirty subjects.As criterion for the academic achievement of thesubjects, their academic achievement in schoolfor 1975 was used and the experimental groupswere compiled in such a way, that the underachieversand overachievers reflect the greatestdiscrepancy between academic achievement and IQ.The relationship between the verbal and non-verbalaverage score of each experimental group forthe IQ Test, was investigated. This did notdiffer significantly. The relationship betweenIQ and academic achievement was also investigated.In the case of the underachievers and over-achievers significant differences in relation toI IQ and academic achievement were found.Personality and motivation were measured by twotests: the HSPQ and the Pauli Test. Statisticalmethods used were the t-Test and the Chi-squareTest. The latter were used for the significanceof differences between underachievers and overachieverswith regard to motivation and personality.In main the results of this investigation did notunderline the findings of most other investigators.For all three experimental groups the personalitytraits disclosed by the HSPQ were basicallythe same. However, the underachievers andoverachievers did differ significantly with regardto intelligence and Factor I Sensitivity(5% level of significance). The overachieverstend to be more sensitive than the underachievers.Most investigators report a positive relationshipbetween introversion - extroversion and overachievementand underachievement. This was notfound in this investigation. The same can be started with regardto self-concept and creativity.The Pauli Test did not produce results whichdifferentiate significantly between underachieversand overachievers. However, certain conclusionscould made: it seems as if overachievers (inthis investigation) were better motivated thanunderachievers.The findings of the HSPQ and Pauli Tests wereused for a cumulative profile in which the mainpersonality differences between underachieversand overachievers were underlined.

[发布机构] North-West University