We captured three individuals of Peter's squirrel (Sciurus oculatus), species listed under special protection and endemic for central Mexico. The captures occurred on oak forest fragments from Huandacareo municipality, Michoacán. With the record of this population, we confirm the species actual presence for the state, because the last record corresponded to a specimen collected in Contepec in 1986. This locality extends the species known distribution to the west approximately in 48 km from its last known record. When we reviewed the species historical records for the state, we notice that the western-most record of the species, a record from Ziracuaretiro (near to Uruapan), was not included to outline the species global distribution, therefore we consider that the present distributional map should be updated including all the localities, which will modify its distribution considerably. After surveying the GeneBank international database, we noticed that mitocondrial DNA sequences from S. oculatus were inexistent. In this work we presented the first two cytochrome b gene (cytb) sequences from two S. oculatus individuals. The sequences were compared with eight species of the Sciurus genus available in GeneBank. In the sequences analysis and UPGMA tree, which included Sciurus species from North America and South America, S. oculatus was clustered with S. aestuans and S. stramineus from South America, resulting S. oculatus the basal species. From the conservation perspective, the species actual presencein the historical localities should be verified. No protected areas in the country are known to include Sciurus oculatus populations, and the Huandacareo recorded population seems to be relatively isolated, and its habitat surrounded by agriculture.
