The effect of the dietary inclusion of canola oilcake, full-fat canola and sweet lupins on the production performance and fat composition of broilers and pigs

[摘要] The demand for protein for human and animal nutrition in South Africa is increasing and it willcontinuously increase. The effect of replacing soybean oilcake meal as protein source for broilers and full-fatsoybean meal for weaner pigs, with different levels of sweet lupins (Lupinus angustifolius), canola oilcakeand full-fat canola was examined. A basal diet with soybean oilcake as protein source was mixed with a dietusing either sweet lupins or canola oilcake or full-fat canola in ratios of 100%, 67% and 33% respectively. Inthe broiler trial the test diets were fed for a period of six weeks with or without the enzyme Vegpro (Alltech).Pigs were fed the test diets, with and without Roxazyme® enzyme, ad libitum from 8.5 to 25 kg live weight.The fatty acid content of the fat pads of the broilers raised on the different diets was determined. The pigswere kept in the trial up to the grower- finisher phase. The fatty acid content of the carcass fat and muscle ofpigs raised on the different diets was determined. The inclusion of enzymes had no effect on the growth, feedintake or feed conversion ratio of broilers fed the test diets. The provision of external dietary enzymes to theweaner pig diets failed to improve either dry matter intake or growth rate, but improved the feed conversionratio. Broiler weights at six weeks of age were significantly higher for the control diet compared to the 20%lupin diet. There was no significant difference in the feed intake as the lupin content of the diets increased.The feed conversion ratio did not differ significantly between the control diet and the 6.6% lupin diet butbecame significantly poorer as the lupin content increased to 13.2% and 20% of the test diet. There were nosignificant differences in production performance of the control diet and the canola oilcake containing diet.The broiler weights at six weeks decreased significantly with each increase in the canola oilcake content ofthe diets. The feed intake of the 20% canola oilcake diet at week six was significantly less than the intake ofthe control diet, but not significantly less than the 6.6% and 13.2% canola oilcake diets. The feed conversionratio of the control diet was significantly better than the 13.2% and 20% canola oilcake diets. No significantdifferences were found in week six between the 6.6% full-fat canola diet and the control diet for broilerweights and feed intake. The feed conversion ratio of the broilers fed the 13.2% and 20% full-fat canola dietswas significantly poorer than the control diet. The final body weights of the weaner piglets fed the control diet were significantly higher than the final body weights of weaner piglets fed the lupin containing diets.The average daily gain of the weaner piglets fed the control diet was significantly higher than the gain of theweaner piglets fed the lupin containing diets. No significant differences in the feed intake and feedconversion ratio between the different lupin inclusion levels were detected. There were no significantdifferences in body weight, feed intake, average daily gain and the feed conversion ratio, between the variousfull-fat canola containing diets and the control diet. A significant difference in body weight was foundbetween the weaner piglets fed the 20% canola oilcake diet and the weaner piglets fed the control diet. Therewere no significant differences in feed intake between the various inclusion levels of canola oilcake. Thecontrol and 6.6% canola oilcake containing diets had significantly higher average daily gains than the 20%canola oilcake containing diet. In the final trial the finisher pigs fed the test diet containing 25.00% lupins,had a final body weight significantly lighter than the final body weight of the finisher pigs fed the other testdiets. The finisher pigs fed the test diet containing 25.00% lupins, also had a significantly reduced averagedaily gain and feed intake. The feed intake of the 25.00% canola oilcake diet was significantly lees than thefeed intake of the 16.75% full-fat canola containing diet. The feed conversion ratio of the 25.00% lupincontaining diet was significantly poorer than the feed conversion ratio of the 16.75% lupin containing diet,8.25% lupin containing diet, 16.75% full-fat canola containing diet, 25.00% canola oilcake containing dietand the control diet.In a choice feeding trial growing pigs were offered four diets with four different protein sources:sweet lupins (25% inclusion level), canola oilcake (25% inclusion level), full-fat canola (25% inclusionlevel) and soybean oilcake (25% inclusion level), while their daily intakes were recorded. In a second choicefeeding trial pigs were offered ten different diets with increasing levels (6.6%, 13.2%, 20%) of either sweetlupins, canola oilcake meal or full-fat canola meal. The pigs consumed significantly more of the soybeanoilcake containing diet compared to diets containing the alternative protein sources. Pigs consumedsignificantly less of the full-fat canola diet compared to the sweet lupin and canola oilcake diets.Ten different canola cultivars were collected from two different locations in the Mediterraneanrainfall area of South Africa namely the Western Cape (Swartland) and Southern Cape (Rûens) grainproducing areas. The sinapine and glucosinolate content of various canola cultivars was compared and theinfluence of locality on the sinapine and glucosinolate content of the canola cultivars was determined. Therewere no significant differences (P < 0.05) in sinapine content when the canola produced in the Western andSouthern Cape were compared. Varola 54 and Rainbow cultivars had significantly higher (P < 0.05) sinapinecontents compared to the Varola 50 cultivar.Samples of lupins, field peas, faba beans and narbon beans were collected and analysed for aminoacids, alkaloids, non-starch polysaccharides, tannin and starch. The digestible energy value of thesealternative protein sources for pigs was determined. Significant differences were found in the amino acidcontent of the various crops. The alkaloid content of the lupins varied significantly between the sweet andbitter lupin varieties. Sweet L. angustifolius cultivars contained ca 50mg/kg and the bitter L. angustifolius cultivars ca 15000mg/kg alkaloids. The mean alkaloid content of L. albus cultivars was ca 1300mg/kg. Thefaba beans, narbon beans and peas had significantly higher values for tannins and starch, compared to lupins.

[发布机构] Stellenbosch University