Endoscopic Management of Orbital and Frontal Sinus Fractures

[摘要] Endoscopy is not a new concept to medicine. It is, however, relatively new to the field of craniomaxillofacial surgery. The first endoscope was introduced in 1805 and was used to visualize the bladder.1 Use of endoscopes was such a help to diagnosis and treatment that very quickly additional scopes were developed and used to visualize the cervix and the larynx. These scopes, however, were limited because light sources were poor and often internal. They produced a great deal of heat and could burn the tissues surveyed. It wasn't until Harold Hopkins developed the glass rod endoscope in 1966 (which bears his name) that the modern era of bright, cold light began.2 The “Hopkins rod” replaced the thin, fragile rod with glass ends with a more durable glass tube that had intervening air spaces. The newer design provided a clearer, brighter view and was more durable than the previous endoscopes.

[学科分类] 口腔科学