Comparison of Ductoscopy, Galactography, and Imaging Modalities for the Evaluation of Intraductal Lesions: A Critical Review

[摘要] Today, in cases of nipple discharge of unclear origin, the abundance of diagnostic procedures – a, diagnostic dilemma’ – becomes apparent, because unequivocal indications and a current, standardized examination sequence are presently not available. The diagnostic workup of patients with nipple discharge usually includes the clinical history, physical examination, mammography, ultrasonography, galactography, and nipple discharge cytology, but not ductoscopy.

[学科分类] 泌尿医学

[关键词] Ductoscopy;Imaging methods;Biopsy;Papilloma;Ductal carcinoma