The development of stress theories and their implications for therapeutic interventions : a review

[摘要] ENGLISH ABSTRACT:This paper provides a theoretical overview and critical evaluation of currentconceptualizations and research in the field of stress, with particular reference to theintegration of theoretical knowledge with therapeutic interventions. The discussioncommences with a brief look at the detrimental effects of stress. This is followed by aclarification of the concepts of stress, stressors, strains and coping. A review of recentdevelopments in the major stress theories, namely the stimulus-response (S-R) models,stimulus-organism-response (S-O-R) models, social stress theories, the holistic healthmodel, control theory, psychodynamic theory, learning theory, self theory, existentialisttheory, cognitive theory, the transactional model and conservation of resources theory,follows. Factors that can act as moderators of the adverse effects of stress are discussedbriefly, as they hold important implications for interventions in psychological practice.These moderators include personality, social support and other moderators such asspiritual health, tolerance for ambiguity and genetic predisposition. An attempt to showhow theory can inform practice by guiding specific interventions on primary, secondaryand tertiary prevention levels concludes the discussion.

[发布机构] Stellenbosch University